Hi Vivien,
Welcome to the forum!!
The PI has an onboard Polyfuse that will increase its resistance to a level where it isnt allowing much current.
You’ll be able to power a small strip off the 5V GPIO (about 5 at full brightness or 15 at a reasonable brightness).
Also note that the LED’s will draw current even when they’re not lit!
There’s a middle ground where the WS2812’s are receiving a lower than expected voltage and there is a noticeable redshift @Liam120347 has a good photo here: 12 day project: ESP32 - LED controller - #6 by Liam120347
Let us know how you go!
Liam