Not wanting to confuse the back and forth with @Jack
My initial thoughts would be around the 3.3v data run from the controller to the first pixel.
While 3.3v should be fine (the ws2812b are really 5v), I have seen bounce/reflection which can then lead to invalid data
What is the data cable length between controller and the 1st led?
I have seen and used a resistor inline on the run from the controller to led (to match the impedance and reduce reflections) can fix the issue. Actual value really would vary as its to match impendence, but for testing maybe 220-330 ohm to see if it helps. (Too low a value wont seem to make any difference, too high is likely to make it worse)
edit:
I assume the ground of the controller and led power have been joined?
Hi Jonas
Looks like you are another one who uses a power bank as a power supply.
There has been lots said about this.
In a nutshell they are not and never have been power supplies. They are designed to charge something else and as such they don’t have to be particularly “clean”.
I think the general consensus is that this practice is not recommended.
Cheers Bob